Analysis Of The Speech This Is Water By David Foster...

RATIONALE In class, we studied biases in many texts and how those biases affected the way people see the world. We read the NPR interview â€Å"Stanford Study Finds Most Students Vulnerable to Fake News† where Kelly McEvers talks to Professor Sam Wineburg about his study on the ability of students to differentiate between fake and real news. In addition, we read the commencement speech â€Å"This is Water† by David Foster Wallace which discusses biases and how attitude and awareness can shape people’s personalities and overall happiness. I chose to write an interview in the format of the NPR text we studied in class because it could present opinions and facts clearly. The interview I wrote is Kelly McEvers interviewing Professor Barney Wintersteen,†¦show more content†¦TRANSCRIPT KELLY MCEVERS, HOST: How do people view the world? Is it all based on race, culture, and ethnicity? Is it more found in the upbringing of children? New studies exploring the effects of perceptions in the lives of people have been released in the Stanford Psychology Department. One of the professors, Barney Wintersteen is here with us today to comment on the recent updates. Large portions of people fail to see past instinctive judgments. They see a projection of the world that is completely made up of their own experiences. Earlier, I asked Barney Wintersteen, a professor of psychology, to describe this phenomenon. BARNEY WINTERSTEEN: In one of our tests, we asked a variety of people to walk directly down a hall and touch a button on the far side. The only thing in the room was a mirror on the wall. Before we sent the subjects through, however, we conducted an experiment. We told half of them that something on their person was imperfect. For example, we told men in suits that their tie was crooked and women that their belt wasn’t straight, etc. In the group that we told nothing to, ninety-one percent did not look at the mirror on the way to pressing the button2. They were focused on the task without any distractions whatsoever. They did not have a care about anything but pressing the button. They were single-minded. In the set of people that wereShow MoreRelatedEssay about Wallace Rhetorical Analysis1393 Words   |  6 PagesA Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"This is Water† If one were to try to imagine a world without air, then it would certainly be very different than the world as humans know it. Since air is essential to the livelihood of most life on Earth, it could be considered an â€Å"important reality.† In David Foster Wallace’s commencement speech, â€Å"This is Water† to the 2005 graduating class of Kenyon College, Wallace states that â€Å"the most obvious, ubiquitous, important realities are often the ones that are the hardestRead MoreEssay on This Is Water a speech by David Foster Wallace955 Words   |  4 PagesIn David Foster Wallace’s graduation speech, This Is Water, he uses logical and emotional appeals to discuss the importance of critical thinking. Wallace uses the term â€Å"conscious† to signal critical thinkers, while those who do not think critically are referred to as â€Å"unconscious.† Wallace’s main argument is that a person has the choice to think critically and should d o so every day. 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Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesRastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata KualaRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesRiver, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. 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Service Alternatives Free Essays

Keats, P. (2008). Time-Limited Service Alternatives: Using Therapeutic Enactment in Open Group Therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Service Alternatives or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 33, 297-316. The increasing numbers of students that require counseling and the growing severity of problems that are being faced by these students in the campuses have prompted counselors to study and apply alternative means of providing the students’ counseling and therapy needs. The technique that was presented in the article is one which is considered an innovative counseling approach combining group therapy format and therapeutic enactment intervention techniques to address the needs of the clients. The approaches were based on different theoretical foundations of experts and were designed in a way that will be both effective and efficient. An open group therapy was opted because it facilitates cohesiveness as well provide a venue for greater interaction among clients. On the other hand, therapeutic enhancement is a group-based model that involves the client’s re-enactment of experiences using actions. Clinical and ethical considerations were based on guidelines set by Association of Specialists in Group Work and the American and Canadian Counseling Association . The qualifications for being in the session would depend on making sure that the well-being of the client will not be jeopardized by a group setting. As the approach employs an open-group structure, it also requires a co-facilitation of the group. The group activities are divided into the warm-up section, the central activity, and a closing exercise. In addition, the concerns that may pose as challenges to the format were thoroughly discussed such as student reluctance, confidentiality, timing and training concerns. The qualitative evaluations at the end of the sessions provided positive results from clients who appreciated being in a group where there was opportunity to interact with other students. Some considerations will be evaluated in the future such as extending evaluation procedures, adapting a more extensive questionnaire, comparisons of evaluations by returning and non-returning clients, as well as using a quantitative measure to improve further understanding. A. How is this work useful to me as an aspiring counselor? This work is useful because it provides insights which are vital for a counselor. The results of the study as well as the approaches used can be utilized and applied in future undertakings. The innovation of the approach presented in the article can provide flexibility and additional knowledge that may be useful under some circumstances. Being an aspiring counselor, one must be adept in assessing the needs of the clients and providing the best approach for their concerns. This article provides just that and gives a reminder to be more critical and observant in dealing with the client as well as being open to learning better strategies. b. How does this work contribute to the field of counseling? This work contributes new ways of approaching group counseling because it deals with something that addresses the concern of finding innovative means to solve the growing number of clients as well as the increase in the intensity of their problems. Combining the open group therapy approach and therapeutic enhancement provides the field of counseling an approach that is conducive for interaction, counseling in a large-scale setting, as well as allows counselors and facilitators an opportunity for co-leadership and provides more resources for them as well as reduces the possibility of frustration by both counselor and client when in an individual setting. c. What new research do the authors generate by writing this article? The authors generate new research which will involve further evaluation of the results and application of the approach in a different setting. It also foresees the possibility of employing other tools such as a more extensive questionnaire and the use of other forms of quantitative measures. Another consideration for future research is exploring the comparisons of evaluations between those who are not returning for the sessions and those who are actually returning. Ultimately, it opens the research of finding means of making clients satisfied after the first session. References Keats, P. (2008). Time-Limited Service Alternatives: Using Therapeutic Enactment in Open Group Therapy. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 33, 297-316. How to cite Service Alternatives, Papers

Michelle Had Duty Of Care Towards Rebecca â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Michelle Had Duty Of Care Towards Rebecca? Answer: Introducation The duty of care is related with the circumstances and the relationships in which it has recognized by the law as resulting in a legal duty to take care. On the other hand, if such care is not taken, it may result in the liability of the defendant to pay damages to the other party, to whom injury or loss has been caused as a result of such breach of duty (Topp v London Country Bus, 1993). Hence, in such cases, the claimant is under a legal obligation to establish that the defendant had a duty of care. To find out the presence of duty of care in cases involving personal injury or damage to property, the neighbor test is used. This test was originally provided by Lord Atkins in Donahue v Stevenson (1932). Application: In the present case, it can be said that it was reasonably foreseeable for Michelle that her actions may result in causing injury to Rebecca. Any driver would have known that in case of an accident, the passenger may suffer serious injuries. According to this test, there should be reasonable foresight of harm, and a relationship of proximity should also be present between the parties (Overseas Tankship Ltd. v Morts Dock Engineering Company Ltd., 1961). While deciding if the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff, there are a number of legal principles that considered by the court (Bourhill v Young, 1943). For this purpose, the plaintiff is required to establish that the:- Defendant had a duty of care to the plaintiff There has been a breach of such duty by the defendant; and The plaintiff had suffered an injury or a loss due to the actions of the plaintiff which resulted in the breach of such duty. Application: The standard of care that can be applied in this case required Michelle to be careful while driving the car. But Michelle was quite drunk when she was driving the car. She had taken a lot of wine before the show. Hence, the standard was not met and as a result, there was a breach of the duty of care. The issue in this question is related with causation. The law provides that there should be a connection present between the alleged negligence on the part of the defendant and the hound that has been suffered by the plaintiff. However, this is a question of fact. A particular articulation related with causation is the "but for" test. It has to be seen if but for the actions of the defendant, the harm suffered by the building would not have taken place. Application: In this case, Rebecca has suffered serious injuries and broken her leg when the car being given by Michelle met with an accident. In this case, Michelle was driving the car under the influence of liquor. Hence it can be said that Michelle was negligent while driving the car. Similarly, the injuries suffered by Rebecca can be described as the direct result of the negligence of Michelle in driving the car under the influence of liquor. Hence, the injuries suffered by Rebecca were the direct result of the Michelles negligence. Rule: The law of tort provides that contributory negligence can be described as such behavior of the claimant as a result of which, it can be said that the claimant had also contributed to some extent in the injuries suffered by him or her. As a result of the fact that the claimant had also failed in meeting the standard of care that would have been made by any other reasonable person under the circumstances, for the purpose of avoiding the loss of the injury that has been suffered by the claimant. Hence, when such circumstances are present and the claimant had also contributed in the loss on the injury, the defendant can rely on the defense of contributory negligence. Therefore in such cases, the defense of contributory negligence is available to the defendant only if the defendant is in a position to establish that there was some fault present on part of the claimant also. The defendant has to establish that there was some fault of the defendant, which had contributed in causing th e injury or the loss suffered by the claimant. Application: in the present case, when Rebecca and Michelle went to see the Oprah Winfrey show, there was a delay in starting the show as there was a ticketing issue. In order to parse time, both of them had consumed wine while waiting for the show to start. Rebecca was well aware of the fact that on their way back home, Michelle would be driving the car. Still, Rebecca decided to drink wine with Michelle and she also decided to ride in the car being driven by Michelle. Although she was aware of the fact that Michelle had drank wine. Rule: The defense of volenti non fit injuria has limited application under the tort law. The translation of this latter phrase means that when a person has volunteered, no harm is done (Nettleship v Weston, 1971). This defense is applicable as a complete defense and absorbs the defendant of all liability (White v Blackmore, 1972). The requirements of voluntary assumption of risk that it should be voluntary, and exhibited the present and it should be made after having complete knowledge regarding the nature and extent of the risk (Morris v Murray, 1991). Application: In Dann v Hamilton (1939) the court had stated that the defense of volenti non fit injuria is available in such cases when the drunkenness of the driver is obvious and as a result, it can be concluded that an obvious and evident risk existed and satirist has been accepted by the defendant, knowingly. In this case, the defense of volenti non fit injuria is not available to Michelle. References Bourhill v Young [1943] AC 92 Donahue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562 Morris v Murray [1991] 2 QB 6 Nettleship v Weston [1971] 3 WLR 370 Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Limited v Morts Dock Engineering Company Limited (New South Wales) [1961] UKPC 2 Topp v London Country Bus [1993] 1 WLR 976 White v Blackmore [1972] 3 WLR 296

Social And Political Reactions To Mormon Polygamy April 29, 1996 Socia

Social and Political Reactions to Mormon Polygamy April 29, 1996 Social and Political Reactions to Polygamy ?We are a peculiar people,? Elder Bruce R. McConkie once said (McConkie 25). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is one of a few ?odd? Christian religions. Many of its practices have created much persecution and political reaction, polygamy being one of these. It created much social and political persecution of the Mormons. Most of this persecution had come from anti-polygamist Christians. This is ironic because the anti-polygamists believed in the Bible, but not polygamy, one of its teachings. Many of God's righteous followers in the Old Testament practiced polygamy. Abraham married Hagar, Sarai's handmaiden (Genesis 16:1-3). Jacob was married to Leah, Rachel, Billah, and Zilpha all at the same time. In the Doctrine and Covenants, a book of modern revelation used as scripture by the LDS church, it states that ?in nothing did they [the Old Testament prophets] s in save in those things they received not of me [God]?(132:38). Quickly one sees that God gave those women to the prophets of old because they were righteous. So what exactly is the justification and reason for polygamy? Mormons believed that when a couple or family is sealed in the temple of the Lord by one holding God's priesthood keys of sealing, that the bond is not ?until death do us part,? but rather for all eternity. If this is true, then when a man is widowed and he marries a second wife, he then has two wives. The Mormons believe that if a man can have multiple wives in heaven, then the same should be true on Earth. ?According to the Lord's law of marriage, it is lawful that a man have only one wife at a time unless by revelation the Lord commands plurality of wives in the new and everlasting covenant? (McConkie5770). If a woman who is sealed in the temple is widowed, she not allowed to be resealed: only a man is allowed a plurality of spouses. Before the founding and organ izing of the LDS church and introduction of polygamy, Joseph Smith received bitter persecution. He was tarred and feathered by a mob, but this was nothing compared to the treatment the saints received when their practice of polygamy became well known (Arrington JS 26-7). In order to escape the torture, Joseph Smith led one hundred and fifty or more saints from New York to Kirtland, Ohio in 1831 (Arrington JS 21). After living in harmony with the native Gentiles for several years, the town of Kirtland became a prosperous city. In 1843, the local Gentiles found out that Joseph Smith and many other church members were practicing polygamy. When questioned, they confessed to the act, but from then on they hid it from the Gentiles (Newell 66-7). The news spread quickly, and the persecution returned at an even greater intensity. Social persecution quickly turned into political persecution. On October 30, 1838, Governor Lilburn Boggs issued the Extermination Order in which he wrote ?that th e Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven from the state, if necessary, for the public good.? (Benton 787) A few days later at Haun's Mill, 17 Mormons were killed and many others, including women and children, were severely wounded (Benton787). In October 1838, the Missouri state militia was marching toward the Saints in Kirtland, Ohio: Anxious to avoid bloodshed, Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, Lyman White and George Robinson went to negotiate with state officials under the flag of truce. Instead of treating the group with respect, however, militia officials seized the group. An order was issued to have Joseph and the others shot, but Colonel Alexander Doniphan, a secondary Missouri officer, courageously refused to carry out the order. Instead of court-martial and execution, the prisoners were taken on November 2 to Jackson County for Prison and trial.?(Arrington JS32) After spending six months in prison, the group escaped with the help o f the jailer (Arrington JS 32). Joseph then purchased a large amount of land in Jackson county, Missouri to which the Mormons could flee for safety. There Smith founded the city of Nauvoo, to which approximately 2,500

Essay about CH 6 Vocab

Essay about CH 6 Vocab Essay about CH 6 Vocab Acadians- French residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as "Cajuns." Albany Congress- Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French. Battle of Quà ©bec- Historic British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Quà ©bec. The surrender of Quà ©bec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America. Coureurs de bois- translated as "runners of the woods," they were French fur-trappers, also known as "voyageurs" (travelers). Who established trading posts throughout North America. The fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and folkways of their Native American partners. Edict of Nantes- Decree issued by the French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France and inaugurated a period of French pr eeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic. Its repeal in 1685 prompted a fresh migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)- Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe. Huguenots- French Protestant dissenters, the Huguenots were granted limited tolerance under the Edict of Nantes. After King Louis XIV outlawed Protestantism in 1685, many Huguenots fled elsewhere, including to British North America. King George’s War- North American theater of Europe's War of Austrian Succession that once again pitted British colonies against their French counterparts in the North. The peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between New England settlers and the British government. King William’s War- War fought largely between French trappers, Bri tish settlers, and their respective Indian Allies from 1689-1697. The colonial theater of the larger War of the League of Augsburg in Europe.

A Dirty Job Chapter 27

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Examine the ways in which attempts are being made to address the Essay

Examine the ways in which attempts are being made to address the problem of cyber bullying in the criminal justice system of England and Wales - Essay Example There are various criminological theories that have been proposed to help in understanding the mind of the criminal. Some of these theories suggest that the society is to blame for creating criminals while other theories base their arguments on the view that criminals are born and not made. With Face book and Twitter being the most popular social networking sites in the UK, cybercrime is on the increase. In England and Wales, cyber bulling is considered an offence under law. The choice theory helps in explaining the way a criminal’s mind operates in leading him to commit a crime. The bully’s reasoning is thereafter transferred on to the victim who believes whatever the bully says. The insufficient regulation of social networking sites has led to more cases of cybercrime in the UK. Children have committed suicide following the cyber bully’s opinion about the child. This essay seeks to examine how the rational choice theory can help the justice system in England an d Wales against cybercrime. Every victim of crime wonders why people commit crime. Studying criminology helps an individual understand why people commit crime. This helps in understanding how the criminal thinks and come up with ways in how to assimilate the criminal while controlling crime. There are several theories of why people commit crime. Others propose that the individual decides to commit crime consciously while some believe that the community is responsible for crimes committed. With all the varied theories of crime available, an agreement are made that, fairness should be available in any society. In this essay, the rational choice theory will guide in understanding a criminal’s mind and ways of combating crime in England and Wales using this theory. The rational choice theory proposes that an individual chooses to commit crime once the pain and punishment

Starbucks Management Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Starbucks Management Strategy - Essay Example However, the global financial crisis slowed down the economy; many similar competitors entered the market and downplayed Starbucks by offering low priced, high quality coffee. Since Starbucks’s establishment this was the first time that its growth slowed down and in 2007, its stock value dropped down by almost 50 %. In 2008, its net revenue growth saw a decline of 11% compared to the previous years. Customer/ target audience of Starbucks: Starbucks targets a diverse audience. The fragments of target audience are different based on products that Starbucks provides. However, Starbuck’s overall target audience can be defined as men and women whose age is between 18 to 60 years and who consume coffee or enjoy special beverages that are offered by Starbucks. Starbucks appeals to these target age groups through contemporary and clean designs that are presented in a consistent way in its product and package designs, interior of the store and advertising. For young adults whose age is between18 and 24, Starbucks positions itself as a place where college students can study, write, read and hang out with others. This target market tends to grow by 4.6% every year. The targeted age group for Starbucks is 24- 60 years which includes people living in urban areas who have professional careers with relatively higher incomes and are socially responsive individuals who care about sustainability and environment. This target audience grows at a rate of 3 percent annually. Both these age groups consider customer service and experience at the retail store with the brand as important. The company’s offerings are targeted relatively to higher income individuals who are people who go to Tim Horton’s or McDonalds. The journey (The process and how... This essay stresses that Starbucks’ reward program operates by giving a customer a Starbucks gift card so that he can register it online and reload the money to continue using it after he finishes the amount of money that comes preloaded in the gift card. After he registers card, he gets a star on every transaction and after gaining 5 stars he gets to the green level. Reaching the green level gives certain advantages to the customer. When a customer collects 30 stars, a Starbucks gold card is made which has engraved on it the cardholder’s name. After obtaining the gold card, with every 15 stars the customers gets a free beverage coupon. This report makes a conclusion that this is a good idea to reward customers. Also, providing a personalized slick design of the Starbucks gold card made its customers feel more attached to the company. Starbucks also created iPhone apps called â€Å"My Starbucks†, which allows customers to register their card number on the phone and which can be used to make payments when customers forget to bring their card to the store. Social responsibility is being implemented both outside and inside the company’s stores. Starbucks started to use reusable cups and cup holders with environmental friendly materials as much as possible. Also, they pushed themselves hard to mark their role in supporting fair trade coffee and markets. The company’s clean packaging of coffee beans also gives a good impression to the customers.

Dance Injury - Hamstrings Essay Example for Free

Dance Injury Hamstrings Essay Dance is an art form. Professional dancers pride themselves for being able to express complicated emotions through the artistic interpretation of movements. Like athletics, dancers are very prone to physical injury, that is, their work requires intense physical training in which often result in mild or severe injuries. This essay will attempt to investigate and understand what is the hamstring strain or tear injury, how it occurs, and ways to prevent such injury. A dance piece is constituted with a variety of movements displayed by the human body. One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to provide support and shape while the muscular system is to provide a range of movements by moving the different limbs of the body. Therefore, the kinesiology muscle of a dancer that directs the leg into amazing moves is complicated. The hamstring muscle group consist of three muscle; the Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and the Semimembranosus. The hamstring muscle group is located at the back of the thigh. According to â€Å"The Anatomy of Exercise and Movement†, the Bicep Femoris is the largest and most lateral of the three hamstring muscles. It has ‘the long head’ and ‘the short head’ making it a bicep muscle. Its primary purpose is to contract, consequently helping in hip outward rotation. As for the other two hamstring muscles, the Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus are completely synergistic, doing the same actions together. Working at the hip, both muscles extend and are active in internal rotation (pg.144). All three muscles in the hamstring muscle group have the same origin, which is the Ischial Tuberosity, also known as the sitz bone, situated at the bottom of the pelvis bone. Even though the F asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf hamstring muscle group have same origins, each muscle has a different insertion, the Bicep Femoris; the head of Fibula (bone) and the lateral of Tibia (bone), Semitendinosus; proximal of Tibia, medial to Tebial Tuberosity, Semimembranosus; Tibia. The hamstring muscle group helps in extending the leg backwards and bending the knees. Hence, this specific group muscle helps in producing dance movements namely ‘plies’, ‘passe’, ‘attitude devant’, and ‘arabesque’. The hamstring strain or tear injury can be a pull, a partial tear or a complete tear of the muscle. The strain or tear is to be found at the peak of elongation velocity when producing movements. This injury occurs when the hamstring muscle group is ‘strain’ beyond its normal length whilst producing a certain eccentric contraction movement. A strain or tear can also happen when the muscles are challenged with a sudden load or work to produce a movement or several movements. â€Å"A common problem in dancers is imbalance or asymmetry that can result in hamstring injury. The imbalance could be muscular or structural.† (livestrong.com). An example of such imbalance is when a dancer is dancing with a tilted pelvis. This can result to an over emphasis on the quadriceps muscles and only stretching the hamstring group muscles. Livestrong.com continue to name a list of reason how the hamstring group muscle can be injured when a dancer overstretches and ‘overuse injur y’. Overstretching seems to be contradictory, as part of being a dancer is to be flexible. Most dancers have a similar mindset. If the leg extension is not long or high enough when performing movements such as a ‘battement’; he or she simply needs to stretch out the tightness. This action can result to severe muscle strain. Consequently, the ‘overuse injury’ can occur simply from working on a specific dance technique or dance movement for too long. Without proper strength in the hamstrings, and rest for the muscles, the hamstrings undergo continuous tension and this can result in tears and fatigue (livestrong.com). There are other factors which increase the likelihood of suffering a hamstring strain or tear injury. Age, flexibility of the hamstring muscle group, as well as tiredness and lack of fitness are namely some of the contributing factors to this injury. The hamstring strains or tear can be graded according to the severity of the injury. Grade 1 consists of minor tears within the muscle. A grade 2 is a partial tear in the muscle and grade 3 is a severe or complete rupture of the muscle (sportsinjuryclinic.net). The symptoms of a grade 1 hamstring strain are; the injured dancer may feel a slight pull or tightness and minimal swelling in the posterior thigh. Consequently, he or she will be aware of slight discomfort when walking. Following on, grade 2 hamstring strains or tears may be associated with occasional sudden twinges of pain when producing a movement. As a result, gait will be affected and limping may be present. Moreover, flexing and applying pressure to the knees may cause pain. Therefore, a dancer with grade 2 hamstring strain or tears might be unable to fully straighten the knees. Finally, walking will be severely impaired in a grade 3 hamstring tear resulting to the need of walking aids. A dancer will feel severe pain particularly when producing a knee flexion. In addition to all that is mention, a grade 2 and 3 hamstring strain or tear may indirectly affect one’s posture. This is a result of impulses transferred by the nervous system from the hamstring muscle group to the Central Nervous System (CNS). The CNS consists of the spinal cord and the brain, transmitting impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. There are 5 pairs of sacral plexus in the spinal cord, containing four sacral nerves, which branch out, supplying sensory to the muscles attached to the pelvis, buttocks, and part of the lower limbs. The sciatic nerve, which branches out from the sacral plexus, is the longest nerve of the body and is responsible for the pain associated with the hamstring group muscle. â€Å"The nerve supply becomes impeded by excess pressure or damage and pain, is experienced in the hips and buttocks down through the knee to the ankle.† (An Holistic Guide to Anatomy and Physiology, 2006, pg.213). It is vitally important that treatment for a pulled hamstring starts immediately. The most important phase for treatment is the first 48 hours post-injury. Treatment of hamstring strains or tears will vary depending on the type of injury, its severity, and the needs and expectations of the patient. However, treatment can be generally divided into two types; Non-Surgical treatment and Surgical Treatment. Most hamstring strains heal very well with simple non-surgical treatments methods such as R.I.C.E, an acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. A dancer who is experiencing a hamstring strain should take rest, and avoid activities that strain the muscle group. In addition, he or she should apply cold packs several times a day on the straining area but not directly onto the skin. Also, the patient should wear an elastic band for compression to avoid more swelling and blood lost. To reduce swelling, he or she should recline, elevating the leg above the heart level. After R.I.C.E, dancers who wish to rehabilitate from a hamstring strain should get physical therapy treatments to restore the range of motion and strength. Surgical treatment is most often performed for tendon avulsion injuries, where the tendon has pulled completely away from the bone. Like treatments, the duration for a full recovery from a hamstring strain and tear injury vary depending on its severity. A grade 1 injury will probably take seven to ten days, a grade 2 injury will take four to six weeks however a grade 3 injury can take up to 4 or more months. â€Å"One of the most important methods of preventing a pulled hamstring is to warm-up correctly. This has been scientifically proven to reduce the risk of hamstring strain.†(sportsinjuryclinic.net). Warm-ups should gradually increase in intensity. Moreover, most dancers often fail to understand the importance of strengthening exercises. Dancers focus too much on stretching the muscle, lengthening but making it week and unable to support the range of motion when dancing. Boyd Bender, a physical therapist for the Pacific Northwest Ballet stated to strengthen the hamstring muscle group, dancers should also strengthen the quadriceps muscle group. This is because these muscle groups work in concert. If trained correctly, the strength ratio should be 60% of quadriceps muscle group and 40% of hamstring muscle group, with each muscle group supporting and complementing each other to prevent injuries. (findarticles.com). On top of dance technique classes, dancers should also add Pilates and Gyrotonic class for dynamics of stretch, strength, and movement for a well-rounded regimen. Dancers should also include stretching bands when practicing technique. With the use of stretching bands like Thera-Band, dancers not only refine their technique but also strengthen their muscle groups. The body is the instrument for a dancer. Every dancer should aim to achieve optimum capacity of his or her body through warm-ups, body conditioning, technique classes, stretching and cool-down. In conclusion, dancers should never work their body recklessly. Like all instruments, it should be refined and well taken care of.