Social And Political Reactions To Mormon Polygamy April 29, 1996 Socia

Social and Political Reactions to Mormon Polygamy April 29, 1996 Social and Political Reactions to Polygamy ?We are a peculiar people,? Elder Bruce R. McConkie once said (McConkie 25). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is one of a few ?odd? Christian religions. Many of its practices have created much persecution and political reaction, polygamy being one of these. It created much social and political persecution of the Mormons. Most of this persecution had come from anti-polygamist Christians. This is ironic because the anti-polygamists believed in the Bible, but not polygamy, one of its teachings. Many of God's righteous followers in the Old Testament practiced polygamy. Abraham married Hagar, Sarai's handmaiden (Genesis 16:1-3). Jacob was married to Leah, Rachel, Billah, and Zilpha all at the same time. In the Doctrine and Covenants, a book of modern revelation used as scripture by the LDS church, it states that ?in nothing did they [the Old Testament prophets] s in save in those things they received not of me [God]?(132:38). Quickly one sees that God gave those women to the prophets of old because they were righteous. So what exactly is the justification and reason for polygamy? Mormons believed that when a couple or family is sealed in the temple of the Lord by one holding God's priesthood keys of sealing, that the bond is not ?until death do us part,? but rather for all eternity. If this is true, then when a man is widowed and he marries a second wife, he then has two wives. The Mormons believe that if a man can have multiple wives in heaven, then the same should be true on Earth. ?According to the Lord's law of marriage, it is lawful that a man have only one wife at a time unless by revelation the Lord commands plurality of wives in the new and everlasting covenant? (McConkie5770). If a woman who is sealed in the temple is widowed, she not allowed to be resealed: only a man is allowed a plurality of spouses. Before the founding and organ izing of the LDS church and introduction of polygamy, Joseph Smith received bitter persecution. He was tarred and feathered by a mob, but this was nothing compared to the treatment the saints received when their practice of polygamy became well known (Arrington JS 26-7). In order to escape the torture, Joseph Smith led one hundred and fifty or more saints from New York to Kirtland, Ohio in 1831 (Arrington JS 21). After living in harmony with the native Gentiles for several years, the town of Kirtland became a prosperous city. In 1843, the local Gentiles found out that Joseph Smith and many other church members were practicing polygamy. When questioned, they confessed to the act, but from then on they hid it from the Gentiles (Newell 66-7). The news spread quickly, and the persecution returned at an even greater intensity. Social persecution quickly turned into political persecution. On October 30, 1838, Governor Lilburn Boggs issued the Extermination Order in which he wrote ?that th e Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven from the state, if necessary, for the public good.? (Benton 787) A few days later at Haun's Mill, 17 Mormons were killed and many others, including women and children, were severely wounded (Benton787). In October 1838, the Missouri state militia was marching toward the Saints in Kirtland, Ohio: Anxious to avoid bloodshed, Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, Lyman White and George Robinson went to negotiate with state officials under the flag of truce. Instead of treating the group with respect, however, militia officials seized the group. An order was issued to have Joseph and the others shot, but Colonel Alexander Doniphan, a secondary Missouri officer, courageously refused to carry out the order. Instead of court-martial and execution, the prisoners were taken on November 2 to Jackson County for Prison and trial.?(Arrington JS32) After spending six months in prison, the group escaped with the help o f the jailer (Arrington JS 32). Joseph then purchased a large amount of land in Jackson county, Missouri to which the Mormons could flee for safety. There Smith founded the city of Nauvoo, to which approximately 2,500

Essay about CH 6 Vocab

Essay about CH 6 Vocab Essay about CH 6 Vocab Acadians- French residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as "Cajuns." Albany Congress- Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French. Battle of Quà ©bec- Historic British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Quà ©bec. The surrender of Quà ©bec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America. Coureurs de bois- translated as "runners of the woods," they were French fur-trappers, also known as "voyageurs" (travelers). Who established trading posts throughout North America. The fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and folkways of their Native American partners. Edict of Nantes- Decree issued by the French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France and inaugurated a period of French pr eeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic. Its repeal in 1685 prompted a fresh migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)- Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe. Huguenots- French Protestant dissenters, the Huguenots were granted limited tolerance under the Edict of Nantes. After King Louis XIV outlawed Protestantism in 1685, many Huguenots fled elsewhere, including to British North America. King George’s War- North American theater of Europe's War of Austrian Succession that once again pitted British colonies against their French counterparts in the North. The peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between New England settlers and the British government. King William’s War- War fought largely between French trappers, Bri tish settlers, and their respective Indian Allies from 1689-1697. The colonial theater of the larger War of the League of Augsburg in Europe.

A Dirty Job Chapter 27

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Examine the ways in which attempts are being made to address the Essay

Examine the ways in which attempts are being made to address the problem of cyber bullying in the criminal justice system of England and Wales - Essay Example There are various criminological theories that have been proposed to help in understanding the mind of the criminal. Some of these theories suggest that the society is to blame for creating criminals while other theories base their arguments on the view that criminals are born and not made. With Face book and Twitter being the most popular social networking sites in the UK, cybercrime is on the increase. In England and Wales, cyber bulling is considered an offence under law. The choice theory helps in explaining the way a criminal’s mind operates in leading him to commit a crime. The bully’s reasoning is thereafter transferred on to the victim who believes whatever the bully says. The insufficient regulation of social networking sites has led to more cases of cybercrime in the UK. Children have committed suicide following the cyber bully’s opinion about the child. This essay seeks to examine how the rational choice theory can help the justice system in England an d Wales against cybercrime. Every victim of crime wonders why people commit crime. Studying criminology helps an individual understand why people commit crime. This helps in understanding how the criminal thinks and come up with ways in how to assimilate the criminal while controlling crime. There are several theories of why people commit crime. Others propose that the individual decides to commit crime consciously while some believe that the community is responsible for crimes committed. With all the varied theories of crime available, an agreement are made that, fairness should be available in any society. In this essay, the rational choice theory will guide in understanding a criminal’s mind and ways of combating crime in England and Wales using this theory. The rational choice theory proposes that an individual chooses to commit crime once the pain and punishment

Starbucks Management Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Starbucks Management Strategy - Essay Example However, the global financial crisis slowed down the economy; many similar competitors entered the market and downplayed Starbucks by offering low priced, high quality coffee. Since Starbucks’s establishment this was the first time that its growth slowed down and in 2007, its stock value dropped down by almost 50 %. In 2008, its net revenue growth saw a decline of 11% compared to the previous years. Customer/ target audience of Starbucks: Starbucks targets a diverse audience. The fragments of target audience are different based on products that Starbucks provides. However, Starbuck’s overall target audience can be defined as men and women whose age is between 18 to 60 years and who consume coffee or enjoy special beverages that are offered by Starbucks. Starbucks appeals to these target age groups through contemporary and clean designs that are presented in a consistent way in its product and package designs, interior of the store and advertising. For young adults whose age is between18 and 24, Starbucks positions itself as a place where college students can study, write, read and hang out with others. This target market tends to grow by 4.6% every year. The targeted age group for Starbucks is 24- 60 years which includes people living in urban areas who have professional careers with relatively higher incomes and are socially responsive individuals who care about sustainability and environment. This target audience grows at a rate of 3 percent annually. Both these age groups consider customer service and experience at the retail store with the brand as important. The company’s offerings are targeted relatively to higher income individuals who are people who go to Tim Horton’s or McDonalds. The journey (The process and how... This essay stresses that Starbucks’ reward program operates by giving a customer a Starbucks gift card so that he can register it online and reload the money to continue using it after he finishes the amount of money that comes preloaded in the gift card. After he registers card, he gets a star on every transaction and after gaining 5 stars he gets to the green level. Reaching the green level gives certain advantages to the customer. When a customer collects 30 stars, a Starbucks gold card is made which has engraved on it the cardholder’s name. After obtaining the gold card, with every 15 stars the customers gets a free beverage coupon. This report makes a conclusion that this is a good idea to reward customers. Also, providing a personalized slick design of the Starbucks gold card made its customers feel more attached to the company. Starbucks also created iPhone apps called â€Å"My Starbucks†, which allows customers to register their card number on the phone and which can be used to make payments when customers forget to bring their card to the store. Social responsibility is being implemented both outside and inside the company’s stores. Starbucks started to use reusable cups and cup holders with environmental friendly materials as much as possible. Also, they pushed themselves hard to mark their role in supporting fair trade coffee and markets. The company’s clean packaging of coffee beans also gives a good impression to the customers.

Dance Injury - Hamstrings Essay Example for Free

Dance Injury Hamstrings Essay Dance is an art form. Professional dancers pride themselves for being able to express complicated emotions through the artistic interpretation of movements. Like athletics, dancers are very prone to physical injury, that is, their work requires intense physical training in which often result in mild or severe injuries. This essay will attempt to investigate and understand what is the hamstring strain or tear injury, how it occurs, and ways to prevent such injury. A dance piece is constituted with a variety of movements displayed by the human body. One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to provide support and shape while the muscular system is to provide a range of movements by moving the different limbs of the body. Therefore, the kinesiology muscle of a dancer that directs the leg into amazing moves is complicated. The hamstring muscle group consist of three muscle; the Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and the Semimembranosus. The hamstring muscle group is located at the back of the thigh. According to â€Å"The Anatomy of Exercise and Movement†, the Bicep Femoris is the largest and most lateral of the three hamstring muscles. It has ‘the long head’ and ‘the short head’ making it a bicep muscle. Its primary purpose is to contract, consequently helping in hip outward rotation. As for the other two hamstring muscles, the Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus are completely synergistic, doing the same actions together. Working at the hip, both muscles extend and are active in internal rotation (pg.144). All three muscles in the hamstring muscle group have the same origin, which is the Ischial Tuberosity, also known as the sitz bone, situated at the bottom of the pelvis bone. Even though the F asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf hamstring muscle group have same origins, each muscle has a different insertion, the Bicep Femoris; the head of Fibula (bone) and the lateral of Tibia (bone), Semitendinosus; proximal of Tibia, medial to Tebial Tuberosity, Semimembranosus; Tibia. The hamstring muscle group helps in extending the leg backwards and bending the knees. Hence, this specific group muscle helps in producing dance movements namely ‘plies’, ‘passe’, ‘attitude devant’, and ‘arabesque’. The hamstring strain or tear injury can be a pull, a partial tear or a complete tear of the muscle. The strain or tear is to be found at the peak of elongation velocity when producing movements. This injury occurs when the hamstring muscle group is ‘strain’ beyond its normal length whilst producing a certain eccentric contraction movement. A strain or tear can also happen when the muscles are challenged with a sudden load or work to produce a movement or several movements. â€Å"A common problem in dancers is imbalance or asymmetry that can result in hamstring injury. The imbalance could be muscular or structural.† (livestrong.com). An example of such imbalance is when a dancer is dancing with a tilted pelvis. This can result to an over emphasis on the quadriceps muscles and only stretching the hamstring group muscles. Livestrong.com continue to name a list of reason how the hamstring group muscle can be injured when a dancer overstretches and ‘overuse injur y’. Overstretching seems to be contradictory, as part of being a dancer is to be flexible. Most dancers have a similar mindset. If the leg extension is not long or high enough when performing movements such as a ‘battement’; he or she simply needs to stretch out the tightness. This action can result to severe muscle strain. Consequently, the ‘overuse injury’ can occur simply from working on a specific dance technique or dance movement for too long. Without proper strength in the hamstrings, and rest for the muscles, the hamstrings undergo continuous tension and this can result in tears and fatigue (livestrong.com). There are other factors which increase the likelihood of suffering a hamstring strain or tear injury. Age, flexibility of the hamstring muscle group, as well as tiredness and lack of fitness are namely some of the contributing factors to this injury. The hamstring strains or tear can be graded according to the severity of the injury. Grade 1 consists of minor tears within the muscle. A grade 2 is a partial tear in the muscle and grade 3 is a severe or complete rupture of the muscle (sportsinjuryclinic.net). The symptoms of a grade 1 hamstring strain are; the injured dancer may feel a slight pull or tightness and minimal swelling in the posterior thigh. Consequently, he or she will be aware of slight discomfort when walking. Following on, grade 2 hamstring strains or tears may be associated with occasional sudden twinges of pain when producing a movement. As a result, gait will be affected and limping may be present. Moreover, flexing and applying pressure to the knees may cause pain. Therefore, a dancer with grade 2 hamstring strain or tears might be unable to fully straighten the knees. Finally, walking will be severely impaired in a grade 3 hamstring tear resulting to the need of walking aids. A dancer will feel severe pain particularly when producing a knee flexion. In addition to all that is mention, a grade 2 and 3 hamstring strain or tear may indirectly affect one’s posture. This is a result of impulses transferred by the nervous system from the hamstring muscle group to the Central Nervous System (CNS). The CNS consists of the spinal cord and the brain, transmitting impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. There are 5 pairs of sacral plexus in the spinal cord, containing four sacral nerves, which branch out, supplying sensory to the muscles attached to the pelvis, buttocks, and part of the lower limbs. The sciatic nerve, which branches out from the sacral plexus, is the longest nerve of the body and is responsible for the pain associated with the hamstring group muscle. â€Å"The nerve supply becomes impeded by excess pressure or damage and pain, is experienced in the hips and buttocks down through the knee to the ankle.† (An Holistic Guide to Anatomy and Physiology, 2006, pg.213). It is vitally important that treatment for a pulled hamstring starts immediately. The most important phase for treatment is the first 48 hours post-injury. Treatment of hamstring strains or tears will vary depending on the type of injury, its severity, and the needs and expectations of the patient. However, treatment can be generally divided into two types; Non-Surgical treatment and Surgical Treatment. Most hamstring strains heal very well with simple non-surgical treatments methods such as R.I.C.E, an acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. A dancer who is experiencing a hamstring strain should take rest, and avoid activities that strain the muscle group. In addition, he or she should apply cold packs several times a day on the straining area but not directly onto the skin. Also, the patient should wear an elastic band for compression to avoid more swelling and blood lost. To reduce swelling, he or she should recline, elevating the leg above the heart level. After R.I.C.E, dancers who wish to rehabilitate from a hamstring strain should get physical therapy treatments to restore the range of motion and strength. Surgical treatment is most often performed for tendon avulsion injuries, where the tendon has pulled completely away from the bone. Like treatments, the duration for a full recovery from a hamstring strain and tear injury vary depending on its severity. A grade 1 injury will probably take seven to ten days, a grade 2 injury will take four to six weeks however a grade 3 injury can take up to 4 or more months. â€Å"One of the most important methods of preventing a pulled hamstring is to warm-up correctly. This has been scientifically proven to reduce the risk of hamstring strain.†(sportsinjuryclinic.net). Warm-ups should gradually increase in intensity. Moreover, most dancers often fail to understand the importance of strengthening exercises. Dancers focus too much on stretching the muscle, lengthening but making it week and unable to support the range of motion when dancing. Boyd Bender, a physical therapist for the Pacific Northwest Ballet stated to strengthen the hamstring muscle group, dancers should also strengthen the quadriceps muscle group. This is because these muscle groups work in concert. If trained correctly, the strength ratio should be 60% of quadriceps muscle group and 40% of hamstring muscle group, with each muscle group supporting and complementing each other to prevent injuries. (findarticles.com). On top of dance technique classes, dancers should also add Pilates and Gyrotonic class for dynamics of stretch, strength, and movement for a well-rounded regimen. Dancers should also include stretching bands when practicing technique. With the use of stretching bands like Thera-Band, dancers not only refine their technique but also strengthen their muscle groups. The body is the instrument for a dancer. Every dancer should aim to achieve optimum capacity of his or her body through warm-ups, body conditioning, technique classes, stretching and cool-down. In conclusion, dancers should never work their body recklessly. Like all instruments, it should be refined and well taken care of.

What is a Hero? :: Hero Heroes Definition Essays Papers

What is a Hero?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's modern times we hear the word hero all of the time. The news media throws the term around as if it is an everyday word. What exactly is a hero? Who, or what, can be classified as heroic? The correct definition of the word hero is: One invested with heroic qualities in the opinions of others. That is a fine definition for books and intellectual minds. To the average person, however, a hero is much more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To better understand what a heroic quality is it may be easier to describe what a hero is not. Nearly everyday on television people talk of athletes and celebrities as being heroes, but are they? To put it mildly, they are not heroes at all. Possibly role models, but for the most part, not in possession of heroic qualities. When Michael Jordan and Bruce Willis, by risking their lives, save an abandoned child from a typhoon they will possess the qualities to be called heroes in my opinion. Policemen and firemen are at times classified as heroes. Until they prove themselves they are just ordinary people. The title heroic is not given by occupation, rather by achievement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So what exactly is a hero? Parents are true heroes. Most parental units sacrifice time, money, love and everything else for their children. When times are tough good parents do all they can to make things better for their children. Mothers and fathers often work two jobs, late at night, or on weekends to provide for their kids. My mom is always there for me when I am sick, telling me she wishes she were the sick one. She also reassures me that she always has an extra kidney if I happen to need one. I personally view my parents as true heroes for all they do, have done, and will do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A local hero emerged recently in Flint Police Officer Leslie Keely. Plainly put, Officer Keely gave his life, for us, the residents of Genesee County. Les Keely died while in the line of duty. Involved in a high-speed pursuit of a vehicle, Keely was killed when his cruiser was struck broadside by another police car, driven by a Michigan State Trooper. At that point in time, Officer Keely became an instant hero. He lost the most important thing in the world, his life, doing what he was paid to do, serve and protect the public.